人参皂苷对制动所致大鼠骨骼肌萎缩的保护作用

目的探讨人参皂苷对制动所导致的萎缩骨骼肌结构及功能的影响。方法选用SD大鼠,随机分为3组,对照组(CON)、制动组(IMM)和制动加人参皂苷处理组(GIN),每组10只。制动组采用石膏固定后肢模型,人参皂苷处理组在制动基础上按50 mg/kg·d体重腹腔注射人参皂苷,同步对照组及后肢制动组每日腹腔注射同等体积的生理盐水,共3周。实验结束观察大鼠比目鱼肌重量变化;通过Western blot观察骨架蛋白dystrophin和desmin的表达变化;通过离体肌条实验观察骨骼肌收缩功能的变化。结果制动组比目鱼肌湿重显著低于对照组及人参皂苷处理组;制动组比目鱼肌dystrophin表达显著降低,desmin降解明显增强,人参皂苷处理后上述改变明显缓解;制动组比目鱼肌收缩功能显著低于对照组及人参皂苷处理组。结论人参皂苷可有效防护制动所导致的骨骼肌萎缩。     

RTS,S/AS01疟疾疫苗大规模现场应用 可能面临的挑战

RTS, S/AS01疟疾疫苗获得WHO批准大规模应用是人类抗击寄生虫感染史上的一个里程碑,然而 RTS, S/AS01 疫苗并非完美。本文从免疫学角度探讨了RTS, S/AS01疟疾疫苗存在的不足以及下一代疟疾疫苗研发可能面临的挑战。     

Older Chinese migrants in coronavirus pandemic: exploring risk and protective factors to increased loneliness

Older migrants may be one of the most vulnerable populations during the coronavirus pandemic, yet the degree of impact remains largely unknown. This study explores (1) the consequences of the coronavirus pandemic for older Chinese migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands in terms of increased loneliness and its risk factors (reduced in-person contact, decreased social participation, feelings of existential threat) and protective factors (increased non-in-person contact, more individual activities), and (2) which risk and protective factors have contributed to the incidence and prevention of higher loneliness levels. Using quantitative data of a survey among 98 Chinese migrants aged 50 years and older in Belgium (n = 84) and the Netherlands (n = 14), the findings first indicate that the coronavirus pandemic has a significant impact on older Chinese migrants’ lives. One in five experienced more loneliness. Second, reduced social participation (measured as less frequent participation in outdoor group activities) and financial insecurity (measured as experiencing financial difficulties) lead to higher than pre-pandemic loneliness levels. Problem-focused coping strategies (measured as increased non-in-person contact, via telephone or social media) and emotion-focused coping (measured as finding distraction through increased participation in individual activities) were not found to protect against increased loneliness in the pandemic. Two practical implications for loneliness interventions for older Chinese migrants are put forward. Organizing COVID-19-safe social participation activities and paying more attention to older Chinese migrants’ financial situation can be beneficial when addressing higher levels of loneliness due to the coronavirus pandemic.     

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on radiographers in the Republic of Cyprus. A questionnaire survey

IntroductionImaging is essential for the initial diagnosis and monitoring of the novel coronavirus, which emerged in Wuhan, China. This study aims to assess the insight of radiographers on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected their work routine and if protective measures are applied.MethodA prospective observational study was conducted among radiographers registered in the Cyprus Society of Registered Radiologic Technologists & Radiation Therapy Technologists. A questionnaire composed of 28 multiple choice questions was utilised, and the data analysis was performed using SPSS software with the statistical significance assumed as p-value < 0.05.ResultsOut of 350 registered radiographers, 101 responses were received. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences regarding the working hours, the feeling of stress, the work effectiveness, the average examination time, the presence of a protocol used among the different workplaces of the participants; a private radiology centre, a private hospital or a public hospital, with a p-value 0.0022, 0.015, 0.027, 0.001, 0.0001 respectively. Also, statistically significant differences were observed in the decontamination methods used for equipment (p-value 0.007), for air (p-value 0.04) and when decontamination takes place (p-value 0.00032) among the different workplaces of the participants. Nonetheless, the majority of radiographers believe that their workplace is sufficiently provided with PPE, cleaning supplies, equipment, and with cleaning personnel and are optimistic regarding the adequacy of these provisions in the next three months.ConclusionThis study showed that in the Republic of Cyprus, there are protocols regarding protective measures against COVID-19, and the radiographers are adequately trained on how to face an infectious disease outbreak. However, work is needed in order to develop protocols that reassure the safety of patients and medical personnel while managing the excess workload effectively.Implications for practiceThis study indicates the importance of applying protective measures and protocols in the radiology departments in order to minimise the spread of the virus.     

A case report of cutaneous larva migrans in Argentina

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) represents the most common tropically acquired dermatosis. CLM is caused by infection with hookworm larvae in tropical and sub-tropical areas, and people who have a history of foreign travel and of walking barefoot on sandy soil or beaches are at a high risk of getting infected with it. The diagnosis is usually made on the basis of the typical appearance of the lesion, intense itching and history of foreign travel. CLM is a common parasitic skin disease that can be easily prevented by wearing ‘protective’ footwear. A case of CLM is described in this article.     

手术室护士的职业危害及防护措施

本文针对手术室工作环境对护士的职业危害及防护措施进行探讨.通过临床观察和分析,认识到手术室工作人员长期工作在受空气污染、生物感染、电离辐射、心理危害的环境中,采用加强室内空气流通,避免生物感染、避免电离辐射、防止身体疲劳等一系列防范措施保障身心健康.增强手术室工作人员的自身保护意识,提高健康素质,减少环境污染的目的.结论：减少或消造成职业危害的各种因素是防范措施的关键.     

SMAD2/3蛋白在沙鼠脑缺血再灌注及氟桂利嗪干预后脑内表达的研究

目的 研究smad2/3在沙鼠脑缺血再灌注脑内表达及氟桂利嗪干预后对其表达的影响.方法 35只沙鼠随机分假手术组、缺血再灌注组和氟桂利嗪治疗组3组,采用夹闭双侧颈总动脉制作沙鼠脑缺血再灌注模型,于缺血10 min再灌注1 d、3 d、7 d各时间点处死动物,用免疫组化方法检测各组沙鼠脑内smad2/3的表达情况.结果 假手术组沙鼠脑内smad2/3弱阳性表达,而缺血再灌注1 d,3 d,7 d后沙鼠脑内呈阳性或强阳性表达,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);氟桂利嗪治疗组smad2/3的表达低于缺血再灌注组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 沙鼠脑内有smad2/3表达,脑缺血再灌注后,脑内smad2/3表达上调;氟桂利嗪干预后,其表达下调.     

Health-risk behaviors and protective factors among adolescents with mobility impairments and learning and emotional disabilities

Purpose: To identify the risk involvement of three groups of young people with disabilities relative to a comparison group: mobility impairments, learning disabilities, and emotional disabilities. Protective factors are explored to identify which individual, family, and school factors are associated with diminished risk.

Methods: Analyses are based on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally representative sample of 20,780 seventh- through 12^th-grade youth in the United States. Five negative health outcomes were studied: suicide attempts, sexual abuse, regular cigarette smoker, alcohol use, and marijuana use. For bivariate analyses Student’s t-test and Chi-square were used, and logistic regressions were performed on all dichotomized dependent variables.

Results: For most risk behaviors studied, youth with disabilities were more involved than peers. Factors that predisposed to risk varied little between those with and without disabilities. Likewise, there was substantial consistency between groups as to protective factors. What distinguished each group of young people with disabilities from peers is that they reported significantly more exposure to risk factors and significantly fewer protective factors.     

VENOUS NEEDLE DISLODGEMENT: THE PITFALLS OF VENOUS PRESSURE MEASUREMENT AND POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES,A REVIEW

The historical development of the use of pressure sensors as protective system against blood loss to the environment is reviewed. In spite of early warnings about the deficiency of such sensors, the venous pressure sensor is still formally accepted as protective system against blood loss to the environment in case of leaks or needle dislodgement. The early warnings were corroborated by publications and accident reports. Several alternative methods have been developed or described in the literature recently. These methods are critically reviewed. The conclusion is that external monitors are currently the only available alternatives, although long‐time clinical experience is missing. Methods employing sensors integrated into dialysis machines have been described but it is unlikely that any of these methods will become available in the immediate future.